Atomic Number (# of protons)

72

Mass (amu)

178.5

Density

13.31 g/cm³ (20⁰C, 1 atm)

Electron Configuration

[Xe]4f¹⁴5d²6s²

Oxidation States (bold = most stable)

+4

Atomic Radius (pm)

156

Ionic Radius (pm)

(+4)83

Electronegativity

1.2

Melting Point (⁰C, 1 atm)

2231

Electron Affinity (eV)

~0

Boiling Point(⁰C, 1 atm)

4603

1^st Ionization energy (eV)

6.83

Enthalpy of Fusion (kJ/mole)

25.1

2^nd Ionization Energy (eV)

Enthalpy of Vaporization (kJ/mole)

661.1

3^rd Ionization Energy (eV)

Specific Heat Capacity ( J/ (g K), 25⁰C, 1 atm)

0.14