ALKENES II: REACTIONS OF ALKENES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS PAGE

  1. Reaction types
  2. Reaction Mechanisms
  3. Transition State Theory
  4. Reaction Path Diagrams
  5. Reaction Rates and Rate Constants
  6. An Example of a Reaction Mechanism
  7. Reaction Path Diagram For this Example
  8. Transition States
  9. Transition State Models
  10. Resonance Theory of Transition States
  11. Regiospecificity and Competing Transition States
  12. Relative Rates of Addition to Different Alkenes
  13. Stabilization of Carbocations by Alkyl Groups
  14. Transition State Refinement: The Hammond Postulate

REACTION TYPES

 

 

 

 

 


REACTION MECHANISMS

 

 

 

 

 

 


TRANSITION STATE THEORY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


REACTION PATH DIAGRAMS


Reaction Rates and Rate Constants

Consider an elementary reaction step such as the one shown below:

 

 

 

 

 

An Example of a Reaction Mechanism: Addition of HCl to An Alkene


CONSIDER THE ADDITION OF HCl TO ISOBUTENE

IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT THIS MECHANISM

 

 

 

 

 

A REACTION PATH DIAGRAM FOR THIS REACTION

THINGS TO NOTE ABOUT THIS RP DIAGRAM

 

 

 

TRANSITION STATES AND TS MODELS

THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF TRANSITION STATES

 

 

 

Transition State Models


 

 

 

 

 

 

 


RESONANCE THEORETICAL TREATMENT OF A TS


REGIOSPECIFICITY AND TS MODELS

 

 

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TS MODELS RATIONALIZE THE OBSERVED REGIOCHEMISTRY


 

 

 

 



RELATIVE RATES OF HCl ADDITION

RELATIVE RATES OF ADDITION TO DIFFERENT ALKENES

 

 



CARBOCATIONS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



REFINING THE TS MODEL: THE HAMMOND PRINCIPLE

 

 

 

 

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